This Month in the Archives

Dive into 174 years of groundbreaking research

Scientific American

This Month in the Archives

 

Dear Reader,

Mother’s Day was designated a holiday well after the evolution of mammals, so that we can celebrate the biological and emotional bond between a mother and child. We love Leonardo da Vinci! He died 500 years ago this month, and left behind a body of work demonstrating his creative genius. And a century ago a total solar eclipse showed that light can be bent by gravity, proving (more or less) Einstein's theory of relativity.

If you enjoy the sweep of natural and human creativity, read on. I hope you enjoy the journey!

Dan Schlenoff
Dan Schlenoff, editor of “50, 100 & 150 Years Ago”

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A Celebration of Motherhood
HighwayBaby's first organ: the placenta. October 2017.

Mother's Day may have become too commercialized, but it's still a celebration of the hard work and joy of being a mom.

  • April 1880: Mammalian motherhood: an elephant and her calf.
  • May 1973: Most Mums hold baby on their left side, over their heart. This preference may have evolved because it has a soothing effect on the baby.
  • April 1984: Breastfeeding is not only healthier for baby, its contraceptive effect gives mom a chance to rest between pregnancies.
  • October 2017: The placenta is usually discarded after birth. But studying "baby's first organ" is giving us some amazing insights.

 

Leonardo da Vinci, 500 Years On
Mother & child "Portrait of an old man" thought to be a self-portrait by da Vinci. January 1998.

In May 2019 we honor a genius who died exactly half a millennium ago. His artistic and mechanical work has been long admired.

  • February 1910: A superlative-laden article discusses Leonardo's pioneering engineering and mechanical skills.
  • December 1940: Da Vinci's artistic talents are well known; we like to emphasize his work as a "great inventor, engineer and scientist."
  • February 1971: Two large unpublished da Vinci manuscripts from Madrid are chock-full of mechanical drawings.
  • January 1998: The wheellock pistol, an advance over the crude matchlock, may be da Vinci's invention.

 

Newtonian Physics Eclipsed
Toilet water
DogsIn a thought experiment, a beam of light would appear to curve inside an accelerating rocket. March 1961.

In May 1919, a total solar eclipse gave astronomers the opportunity to carefully measure the light from stars as it passed close to the sun. It turns out that the sun's gravity bent the light path, and thereby proved correct one of Albert Einstein's predictions.

  • June 1939: "Relativity—20 Years After" discusses the public's understanding of the special and general theories of relativity.
  • March 1961: Gravity: it's not a force, it's a geometric property of space-time, says Einstein.
  • June 1991: Arthur Stanley Eddington was one of the world's foremost astrophysicists when he led the eclipse expedition to the west coast of Africa.
  • September 2004: An overview of Einstein's lasting influence, published during the centenary of his special theory of relativity.

 

Current Issue:
May 2019
April 2019

A Special Report explores the most advanced research on the basics of menstruation, fertility, female contraception, the mortality of childbirth and the risks to fertility of freezing eggs.

Plus:

For more highlights from the archives, you can read May's 50, 100 & 150 Years Ago column.
 
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